greenfield



2 D L E I I N B, E R G T E ART OF LINING METAL TUBES WITH FIBROUSMATERIAL No. 570,165. Patented Oct. 2'7, 1896.

WITNESSES:

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ATTORNEY 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

(No Model.)

E. T. GREENPIELD. ART OF LINING METAL TUBES WITH FIBRDUS MATERIAL No.570,165. Patented Oct. 27, 1896.

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d l I WITNESSES:

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ATTORN EY UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

EDWIN T. GREENFIELD, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO THE INTERIORCONDUIT AND INSULATION COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

ART OF LINING METAL TUBES WITH FIBROUS MATERI AL.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 570,165, dated October27, 1896.

Application filed March 2, 1896. Serial No. 581,582. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, EDWIN T. GREENFIELD, a citizen of the United States,residing at New York, in the county of New York and State of New York,have made a new and useful Invention in the Art of Lining Metal Tubeswith Fibrous Material, such as Paper, of which the following is aspecification.

My invention is directed particularly to the IO lining of metal tubesfor conduit purposes, and its objects are, first, to effect the liningof said tubes with much greater speed than has heretofore been possible;second, to avoid the tearing-or rupturing of the paper or analogouslining as it is drawn into the metal tube; third, to effect theformationof a paper tube by simply drawing it through a die in thedirection of the length of the strip from which it is formed; fourth, tothoroughly expand and thereby unite the paper lining to the inner wallof the tube to be lined after it is once drawn therein; fifth, toaccomplish any and all of the results necessarily attributable to themethods of operation and mechanism for effecting such operation, ashereinafter described, and particularly pointed out in the claims at theend of this specification.

Prior to my invention it was old in the art to line metallic tubes withpaper orequivalent o fibrous material by first constructing a tube ofsuch paper or fibrous material and then coating the tube with anadhesive agent, and finally forcing said tube into the metallic tube andallowing the two to be firmly united together by such adhesive agent. Itwas also old to line a metallic tube by drawing a paper strip or stripswithin said tube and simultaneously coating said strip or strips withpaste or other adhesive agent, and then drawing a former or expandingmandrel therethrough so as to cause the two tubes to be firmly unitedtogether. A metallic tube has also heretofore been lined by drawing afibrous lining within the tube and afterward drawing an expansible leadlining within the fibrous lining, and then forcing a piston therethroughunder hydraulic pressure so as to cause the lead lining to expand thefibrous lining and force it against the inner wall of the tube. Thesemethods of lining tubes, while productive of good results,were notcapable of being effected referring to the accompanying drawings, in

Figure 1 represents a perspective view of the entire apparatus in courseof operation in effecting the lining of a metallic tube with paper orequivalent fibrous material. Figs.

2, 3, and at are part sectional and part plan views of the apparatusshown in Fig. 1, said views being upon an enlarged scale. Fig. 5 is alongitudinal sectional view of a metallic tube with my improvedexpanding apparatus in position within said tube, illustrating also themanner of expanding the paper or fibrous 7o lining after it is in properposition for effecting such expansion. Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional viewillustrating a metallic tube provided with my improved paper oranalogous fibrous lining. Fig. 7 is a perspective View of the twoforming-dies which give to the lining the necessary tubular conformationas it is drawn from a roll of such material, such conformation of thepaper being illustrated in said figure of the drawings in dotted lines.

Referring now to the drawings in detail, and first to Fig. 1, Arepresents a table secured to the floor by standards S S S. 011 theupper surface of this table are grooved rollers R R R R, located inalinement for supporting a metallic tube B, which it is designed to linewith paper.

P is an air-pump secured in convenient proximity to the table A andoperatively connected by a pipe or tube T with an air-como pressionchamber or cylinder 0, provided, as shown, with a pressure-gage G. Thisairchamber 0 is connected by a pipe 19 to a pair of pipes 19 and 19 theformer running to and being connected with one end of a metallic 5 tubeP secured by standards S S to the floor, and the other to the remainingend of said pipe, as clearly shown in Figs. 1 and 2 of the drawings.

a) o are valves, the former being located in too the pipe 19 and thelatter in the pipe 19 The valve '21 is controlled in its operation by anarm 7, connected by rods '6 t to automatic stops 9 g, the formerextending from a sustainingstandard 6 through an opening in the table Ainto the path of the tube B as itis advanced, and the latter extendingupward through a similar opening in said table and adapted to be broughtinto the path of said tube B in its return movement through the agencyof a pivoted arm f, secured by a standard e'on the under side of thetable A, as will be fully described in connection with the descriptionof the mode of operation of the entire apparatus. The valve '1), locatedin the pipe 1), is controlled by a spring-actuated foot-lever F and linkand bell-cran k lever E. This valve 2; is of the well-known three-waytype and is so arranged that in its normal condition there is freecommunication from the open air through it and the pipe 13 to the innerend of the metal pipe or cylinder P P is a tubular piston-rod locatedwithin the metallic tube 1 and provided with a packed piston-head Hatone end and passing through a stuffing-box SB, connected to the end ofthe tube P which is located next to the table A. That portion of thehollow piston-rod P located within the tube P is preferably about tenfeet in length and the outer or exposed portion of this piston-rod,which extends beyond the stulfing-box SE, is of about the same length,but its exterior (:liameteris somewhat diminished, as clearly shown inFig. 5, and it is provided with a large number of per forations 71; 7t7t- 71;. It is also surrounded with a close-fitting sleeve R, of pliableor soft rubber, secured to it at one end by wire-windin g and at theother by a screw-plug N, the arrangement being such that when the closefittin g rubber sleeve is in the position shown in Fig. 5, the totaldiameter of the exposed portion of the piston rod and the rubber sleeveis substantially the same as that of the inclosed portion of said rod.The outer or exposed portion of this piston-rod extends, when inposition, through a pair of forming'dies K K, located in alinement wit-heach other and secured to the top of the table A. It also extendsthrough a con e-shaped compressing-die I), provided with a sleeve F,connecting said cone-shaped die to a heating-die M, and thence through aguiding-sleeve F into a paste-chamber P, filled with paste or anyanalogous adhesive agent, the extreme end of said tubes resting abovethe rollers R R R R at a point near the approaching end of the tube B tobe lined, as clearly shown in Fig. 1 of the drawings.

Beneath the forming-die K and secured to the table is a metallicheating-chamber M, provided with a gas-burner Z), Z) being a similargasburner located beneath the heatingdie M, said gas-burners beingconnected by a pipe 19 running to a supply of gas and controlled by acock 4:

D represents a strip of paper entering the first forming-die K from aroll of paper. The width of this strip of paper D is preferablysufficient to give to the completed paper tube before it enters themetallic tube B a slight lap at its edges, so that when said tube isexpanded this la-p will substantially disappear and cause the edges toabut, thus giving to the lining a complete tubular form.

The operation of the apparatus is as follows: The air-chamber O isfilled with air under pressure from the pump P to the desiredcompressibility and is kept thus filled by the operator as the processof lining proceeds. The operator now places his foot upon thespring-actuated foot lever F, thereby turning the valve '2) to thedesired position, thus allowing air to enter, as shown by the dottedarrows, from the air-chamber C by pipe 1) and pipe in the rear of thepiston head H, connected to the piston-rod P thus forcing it into theposition shown in Fig. 2. The operator now draws by hand a strip ofpaper D through the forming-dies K K, the conical die D, sleeve F,heating-die M, sleeve F and paste-chamber P, which has been filled withpaste or other adhesive agent. As the strip of paper is thus drawnforward it is subjected to a heating influence from the gas-burnersb andI) under the curvilinear forming-die K and the solid tubular met-allicheating-die h and is therefore effectually ironed into tubular formunder the united effect of the dies and the heat. As it leaves thelatter heating-die, therefore, it remains in its tubular form around thetubular mandrel or the outer or exposed end of the piston-rod P thepaper tube being thus drawn continuously forward by hand until it coversthe entire exposed portion, embracing the perforated and pliable rubberportions thereof, as shown by the letter B in Fig. 5. This tube 13remains in its completed form by reason of the ironing effect of theforming and heating dies and should be by preference of such internaldiameter that when located inside of the tube to be lined and with itsaxis coinciding with the axis of said tube it will in no instance touchthe inner wall thereof, thus rendering it practically impossible to tearthe lining-tube when drawn forward. At this stage of the proceedings thetube 13 to be lined is laid upon the grooved rollers R R and forcedforward by hand, thus causing the pasted completed tube which surroundsthe outer portion of the piston-rod to be forced therethrough until theapproaching end of said tube B comes into contact with the automaticstop g, forcing it forward, thereby causing the rod t to actuate thevalve 1) through the agency of the lever Z, at the same time causing therod '15 to elevate the automatic stop g into the path of the tube .13when it shall be returned in the next movement of the apparatus whichnow takes place, in view of the fact that the valve 1) is now turnedinto such position that air enters from the air-chamber G by pipes 19and 12 into the metallic tube P in the rear of the piston-head H, saidair flowing first through the hollow'piston-rod P and the perforations7t It at the outer end of said piston-rod, thereby causing thesurrounding rubber tube or sleeve R to expand under pressure and toexpand with it the surrounding paste-coated paper tube B, thus causingthe latter tube to firmly adhere against the inner wall of the metaltube B. After the expansion of the rubber tube has effectually causedthe paper1ining tube to unite itself to the inner wall of the metallictube the pressure becomes sufficient against the rear end of thepiston-head H to cause said piston-head and its hollow pistonrod P andall of the parts attached thereto, including the metallic tube B, toadvance to the right under the pressure from the air-chamber O. Thisadvancement continues until the extreme outer end of the tube B causesthe automatic stop g, which, it will be remembered, is now in its upperposition, to actuate the rod t, and hence the-lever l and valve n, thuscutting off the supply of air from behind the piston-head H and at thesame time turning such valve to such a point that the escape-valve willallow the air behind the piston-head H to be released. The operator nowsevers the paper lining from the exposed unused portion of such liningat the left-hand end of the lined tube B by carefully passing a knifearound it so as not to cut the rubber expanding-tube R, and the linedtube as thus severed is drawn from around the expandingtube and is readyfor treatment with asphalt or any other good insulating material, ifdesired. To restore the apparatus to its normal condition, the operatorplaces his foot upon the foot-lever l and in so doing actuates the valve22, thereby admitting air under pressure through the tube 19 against theinn er face of the piston-head H, which, it will be remembered, is nowin its extreme righthand position. Consequently the piston-rod P iscarried to the left, and with it all of the parts attached thereto,thereby returning the expanding-tube to its extreme left-hand positioninside of the section of paper tube which had been drawn through thedies during the time that the mechanism had been traveling to the rightunder air-pressure, as already described.

Although I have described my invention as applicable to the lining ofmetallic tubes for conduit purposes, I wish it understood that severalof the features thereof may be utilized for other purposes in the arts;as, for instance, the feature of drawing and forming a paper tubecontinuously from a strip of paper by simultaneously subjecting it toforming-dies under the influence of heat as it is drawn forward has anespecial use in the art of tube-making, and some of my claimshereinafter made are designed to cover, broadly, this feature.

It is also obvious that many of the details of construction of theapparatus may be departed from without avoidingthe scope of my claimshereinafter made. I also desire it to be understood that I do not limitmyself to the use of air under pressure as a means of operating themechanism hereinbefore described, as steam, a gas, or liquid underpressure might be so used, if desired.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secureby Letters Patent of the United States, is

' 1. One or more forming-dies for giving to a strip of pliable orfibrous material, such as paper, a tubular form; means for heating saidforming die or dies, in combination with means for drawing the stripalways in the same direction, substantially as described.

2. One or more forming-dies for giving to a strip of pliable or fibrousmaterial, such as paper, a tubular form; means for heating said formingdie or dies, in combination with a compression-die and an additionalheatingdie and means for drawing the paper continuously forward,substantially as described.

3. Mechanism for forming a tube from a strip of pliable or fibrousmaterial, such as paper, consisting of means for giving to the strip atubular conformation and simultaneously heating and causing said tube toretain its tubular form, in combination with a source of heat and meansfor drawing the strip and the completed tube continuously in the samedirect-ion, substantially as described.

4E. Mechanism for forming a tube from a strip of pliable or fibrousmaterial, such as paper, consisting of one or more forming-dies forgiving tubular conformation to the strip in the direction of its length;means for supporting the paper in its tubular form as it is drawnforward, and additional means in the nature of an ironing-die whichsurrounds the formed tube and its supporting means, in combination withmeans for heating the dies and additional means for drawing the tube andits support continuously forward, substantially as described.

5. Mechanism for lining a tube from a strip of pliable or fibrousmaterial, such as paper, consisting of means for giving to a strip ofsuch material a tubular form of substantially the same length as thetube to be lined but of an exterior diameter somewhat less than theinterior diameter of said tube; means for carrying and supporting saidcompleted tube within the tube to be lined and without touching theinterior wall thereof as it is drawn in, in combination with means forcoating the outer surface of said lining-tube with an adhesive agent,and additional means for expanding it against the inner wall of theouter tube after it is fully drawn therein, substantially as described.

6. Mechanism for lining a tube from a strip of pliable or fibrousmaterial, such as paper, consisting of means for giving to a strip thereof a tubular form with overlapping edges and of a completed lengthsubstantially that of the tube to be lined; supporting means aroundwhich said tube is formed and adapted to carry it, the completed tube,within the tube to be lined in such manner that it does not I of pliableor fibrous material such as paper,

touch the inner wall of the latter, and means for expanding the liningoutwardly against the inner Wall of the outer tube, substantially asdescribed.

'7. Mechanism for forming a tube from a strip of pliable or fibrousmaterial, such as paper, consisting of an air-chamber for holding airunder pressure; connections between the air-chamber and a pistonoperatively connected with a mandrel adapted to move backward andforward with the piston; means for giving to the strip of pliable orfibrous material a tubular form around the mandrel, and additional meansfor controlling the supply of air to the opposite sides of thepiston-head in such manner that as the piston is forced in one directionthe strip of paper is given a tubular form around the formingnnandrelsand as it is forced in the other direction the mandrel is restored toits normal or starting position, substantially as described.

8. Means for expanding a tubular lining against the walls of a tube tobe lined, consisting of an expansible tube adapted to be located Withinthe tubular lining and expanded by air under pressure and then to beWithdrawn after the lining is firmly set in place, substantially asdescribed.

9. Means for lining a tube with pliable or fibrous material such aspaper, consisting of a hollow perforated tube surrounded with anexpansible tube, the hollow tube having connect-ion with a source of airor liquid pressure, substantially as described.

10. Mechanism for lining tubes with pliable or fibrous material such aspaper, consisting of means for forming the tube-lining of the pliablematerial, and additional means consisting of an expansible tube forcausing a previously-formed tube-iining to adhere to the inner walls ofthe tube to be lined, substantially as described.

11. Mechanism for lining tubes from a strip consisting of means forfurnishing air or gas under pressure; a piston-rod operatively connectedwith said air supply, one or more forming-dies and a heating-diesurrounding the outer or exposed portion of the piston-rod; means forheating both of said dies, means for coating the lining'tube with anadhesive agent, andadditional means for supporting the tube to be linedin alinement with the tubular lining; in combination with an expansibledevice carried by the exposed end of the piston for expanding thelining-tube against the inner Wall of the tube to be lined andautomatically-controlled mechanism for giving to said expanding devicemovement in opposite directions', substantially as described.

12. The described method of lining a tube with fibrous material such aspaper, consisting in first forming by ironing with heat a completed tubeof the fibrous material of lesser diameter than the inner diameter ofthe tube which is to be lined, then inserting or drawing said completedtube Within the tube to be lined and finally expandingit outwardly bypneumatic pressure against the illner wall thereof.

13. The described method of lining a tube with pliable or fibrousmaterial, such as paper, consisting in first forming a completed tube ofa strip of the material and simultaneously ironing it by heat andpressure in such manner as to cause it to retain its tubular form, thendrawing this completed tube inside of the tube to be lined and Withouttouching the inner wall thereof and finally expanding it against theinner surface thereof.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto subscribed my name this 2Sth day ofFebruary, 1896.

EDXVIN 'l. GREENFIELD.

Witnesses:

C. J. KINTNER, M. M. ROBINSON.

